To be is to be contingent: nothing of which it can be said that "it is" can be alone and independent. But being is a member of paticca-samuppada as arising which contains ignorance. Being is only invertible by ignorance.

Destruction of ignorance destroys the illusion of being. When ignorance is no more, than consciousness no longer can attribute being (pahoti) at all. But that is not all for when consciousness is predicated of one who has no ignorance than it is no more indicatable (as it was indicated in M Sutta 22)

Nanamoli Thera

Friday, October 25, 2024

Alexander Grothenieck


The Guardian profiles Alexander Grothenieck (1928-2014). Article title: “He was in mystic delirium – was this hermit mathematician a forgotten genius whose ideas cound transform AI – or a lonely madman?” Byline: “In isolation, Alexander Grothendieck seemed to have lost touch with reality, but some say his metaphysical theories could contain wonders.”

“Born in 1928, he arrived in France from Germany as a refugee in 1939, and went on to revolutionise postwar mathematics as Einstein had physics a generation earlier. Moving beyond distinct disciplines such as geometry, algebra and topology, he worked in pursuit of a deeper, universal language to unify them all. At the heart of his work was a new conception of space, liberating it from the Euclidean tyranny of fixed points and bringing it into the 20th-century universe of relativity and probability. The flood of concepts and tools he introduced in the 1950s and 60s awed his peers.”

Then, in 1970, he quit his prestigious univesity position to drift amopng minor posts until 1990, when he disappeared into solitude altogether, living near a Pyranees village, without radio or telephone, seeing no one, scribbling thusands of pages of manuscripts about philosophy, mathematics, the secrets of plants, and speculations the universe. The notes have been assembled into a book: Harvests and Sowings.

URL: https://www.theguardian.com/science/article/2024/aug/31/alexander-grothendieck-huawei-ai-artificial-intelligence"

https://www.hermitary.com/

Thursday, October 24, 2024

Not to have been born, merely musing on that—what happiness, what freedom, what space!

 Three in the morning, I realize this second, then this one, then the next: I draw up the balance sheet for each minute. And why all this? Because I was born. It is a special type of sleeplessness that produces the indictment of birth.

“Ever since I was born”—that since has a resonance so dreadful to my ears it becomes unendurable.

There is a kind of knowledge that strips whatever you do of weight and scope: for such knowledge, everything is without basis except itself. Pure to the point of abhorring even the notion of an object, it translates that extreme science according to which doing or not doing something comes down to the same thing and is accompanied by an equally extreme satisfaction: that of being able to rehearse, each time, the discovery that any gesture performed is not worth defending, that nothing is enhanced by the merest vestige of substance, that “reality” falls within the province of lunacy. Such knowledge deserves to be called posthumous: it functions as if the knower were alive and not alive, a being and the memory of a being. “It’s already in the past,” he says about all he achieves, even as he achieves it, thereby forever destitute of the present.

Unmaking, decreating, is the only task man may take upon himself, if he aspires, as everything suggests, to distinguish himself from the Creator.

I know that my birth is fortuitous, a laughable accident, and yet, as soon as I forget myself, I behave as if it were a capital event, indispensable to the progress and equilibrium of the world.

To have committed every crime but that of being a father.

As a general rule, men expect disappointment: they know they must not be impatient, that it will come sooner or later, that it will hold off long enough for them to proceed with their undertakings of the moment. The disabused man is different: for him, disappointment occurs at the same time as the deed; he has no need to await it, it is present. By freeing himself from succession, he has devoured the possible and rendered the future superfluous. “I cannot meet you in your future,” he says to the others. “We do not have a single moment in common.” Because for him the whole of the future is already here.

When we perceive the end in the beginning, we move faster than time. Illumination, that lightning disappointment, affords a certitude which transforms disillusion into deliverance.

I disentangle myself from appearances, yet I am snarled in them nonetheless; or rather: I am halfway between these appearances and that which invalidates them, that which has neither name nor content, that which is nothing and everything. I shall never take the decisive step outside them; my nature forces me to drift, to remain forever in the equivocal, and if I were to attempt a clean break in one direction or the other, I should perish by my salvation.

My faculty for disappointment surpasses understanding. It is what lets me comprehend Buddha, but also what keeps me from following him.

What we can no longer commiserate with counts for nothing—no longer exists. We realize why our past so quickly stops being “ours” and turns into history, something which no longer concerns anyone.

In the deepest part of yourself, aspire to be as dispossessed, as lamentable as God.

True contact between beings is established only by mute presence, by apparent non-communication, by that mysterious and wordless exchange which resembles inward prayer.

What I know at sixty, I knew as well at twenty. Forty years of a long, a superfluous, labor of verification.

I am for the most part so convinced that everything is lacking in basis, consequence, justification, that if someone dared to contradict me, even the man I most admire, he would seem to me a charlatan or a fool

Even in childhood I watched the hours flow, independent of any reference, any action, any event, the disjunction of time from what was not itself, its autonomous existence, its special status, its empire, its tyranny. I remember quite clearly that afternoon when, for the first time, confronting the empty universe, I was no more than a passage of moments reluctant to go on playing their proper parts. Time was coming unstuck from being—at my expense.Unlike Job, I have not cursed the day I was born; all the other days, on the contrary, I have covered with my anathemas….

If death had only negative aspects, dying would be an unmanageable action.

Everything exists; nothing exists. Either formula affords a like serenity. The man of anxiety, to his misfortune, remains between them, trembling and perplexed, forever at the mercy of a nuance, incapable of gaining a foothold in the security of being or in the absence of being.

Here on the coast of Normandy, at this hour of the morning, I needed no one. The very gulls’ presence bothered me: I drove them off with stones. And hearing their supernatural shrieks, I realized that that was just what I wanted, that only the Sinister could soothe me, and that it was for such a confrontation that I had got up before dawn.

“In this our life”—to be in life: suddenly I am struck by the strangeness of such an expression, as if it applied to no one.

Whenever I flag and feel sorry for my brain, I am carried away by an irresistible desire to proclaim. That is the moment I realize the paltry depths out of which rise reformers, prophets, and saviors.

I long to be free—desperately free. Free as the stillborn are free.

If there is so much discomfort and ambiguity in lucidity, it is because lucidity is the result of the poor use to which we have put our sleepless nights.

Our obsession with birth, by shifting us to a point before our past, robs us of our pleasure in the future, in the present, and even in the past.

Rare are the days when, projected into post-history, I fail to witness the gods’ hilarity at leaving behind the human episode.

What we need is an alternate vision, when that of the Last Judgment no longer satisfies anyone.

An idea, a being, anything which becomes incarnate loses identity, turns grotesque. Frustration of all achievement. Never quit the possible, wallow in eternal trifling, forget to be born.

The real, the unique misfortune: to see the light of day. A disaster which dates back to aggressiveness, to the seed of expansion and rage within origins, to the tendency to the worst which first shook them up.

When we see someone again after many years, we should sit down facing each other and say nothing for hours, so that by means of silence our consternation can relish itself.

Days of miraculous sterility. Instead of rejoicing over them, proclaiming victory, transforming this drought into a celebration, seeing it as an illustration of my fulfillment, my maturity, in short my detachment, I let myself be invaded by spite and resentment: so tenacious is the old Adam in us, the bustling canaille, unfit for self-effacement.

I am enraptured by Hindu philosophy, whose essential endeavor is to surmount the self; and everything I do, everything I think is only myself and the selfs humiliations.

While we are performing an action, we have a goal; performed, the action has no more reality for us than the goal we were seeking. Nothing of much consequence here—no more than a game. But some of us are conscious of this game in the course of the action: we experience the conclusion in the premises, the achieved in the virtual—we undermine “seriousness” by the very fact that we exist.

The vision of non-reality, of universal default, is the product of an everyday sensation and a sudden frisson. Everything is a game—without such a revelation, the sensation we haul through our usual lives would not have that characteristic stamp our metaphysical experiences require to be distinguished from their imitations, our discomforts. For every discomfort is only an abortive metaphysical experience.

When we have worn out the interest we once took in death, when we realize we have nothing more to gain from it, we fall back on birth, we turn to a much more inexhaustible abyss.

At this very moment, I am suffering—as we say in French, j’ai mal. This event, crucial for me, is nonexistent, even inconceivable for anyone else, for everyone else. Except for God, if that word can have a meaning.

It is not my beginnings, it is the beginning that matters to me. If I bump into my birth, into a minor obsession, it is because I cannot grapple with the first moment of time. Every individual discomfort leads back, ultimately, to a cosmogonie discomfort, each of our sensations expiating that crime of the primordial sensation, by which Being crept out of somewhere….

Though we may prefer ourselves to the universe, we nonetheless loathe ourselves much more than we suspect. If the wise man is so rare a phenomenon, it is because he seems unshaken by the aversion which, like all beings, he must feel for himself.

No difference between being and non-being, if we apprehend them with the same intensity.

Nescience is the basis of everything, it creates everything by an action repeated every moment, it produces this and any world, since it continually takes for real what in fact is not. Nescience is the tremendous mistake that serves as the basis of all our truths, it is older and more powerful than all the gods combined.

This is how we recognize the man who has tendencies toward an inner quest: he will set failure above any success, he will even seek it out, unconsciously of course. This is because failure, always essential, reveals us to ourselves, permits us to see ourselves as God sees us, whereas success distances us from what is most inward in ourselves and indeed in everything.

There was a time when time did not yet exist…. The rejection of birth is nothing but the nostalgia for this time before time.

I think of so many friends who are no more, and I pity them. Yet they are not so much to be pitied, for they have solved every problem, beginning with the problem of death.

In the fact of being born there is such an absence of necessity that when you think about it a little more than usual, you are left—ignorant how to react—with a foolish grin.

Two kinds of mind: daylight and nocturnal. They have neither the same method nor the same morality. In broad daylight, you watch yourself; in the dark, you speak out. The salutary or awkward consequences of what he thinks matter little to the man who questions himself at hours when others are the prey of sleep. Hence he meditates upon the bad luck of being born without concern for the harm he can cause others or himself. After midnight begins the intoxication of pernicious truths.

As the years accumulate, we form an increasingly somber image of the future. Is this only to console ourselves for being excluded from it? Yes in appearance, no in fact, for the future has always been hideous, man being able to remedy his evils only by aggravating them, so that in each epoch existence is much more tolerable before the solution is found to the difficulties of the moment.

In major perplexities, try to live as if history were done with and to react like a monster riddled by serenity.

If I used to ask myself, over a coffin: “What good did it do the occupant to be born?,” I now put the same question about anyone alive.

The emphasis on birth is no more than the craving for the insoluble carried to the point of insanity.

Regarding death, I ceaselessly waver between “mystery” and “inconsequentiality”—between the Pyramids and the Morgue.

It is impossible to feel that there was a time when we did not exist. Hence our attachment to the personage we were before being born.

“Meditate but one hour upon the selfs nonexistence and you will feel yourself to be another man.” said a priest of the Japanese Kusha sea to a Western visitor.

Without having frequented the Buddhist monasteries, how many times have I not lingered over- the world’s unreality, and hence my own? I have not become another man for that, no, but there certainly has remained with me the feeling that my identity is entirely illusory, and that by losing it I have lost nothing, except something, except everything.Instead of clinging to the fact of being born, as good sense bids, I take the risk, I turn back, I retrogress increasingly toward some unknown beginning, I move from origin to origin. Some day, perhaps, I shall manage to reach origin itself, in order to rest there, or be wrecked.

X insults me. I am about to hit him. Thinking it over, I refrain.

Who am I? which is my real self: the self of the retort or that of the refraining? My first reaction is always energetic; the second one, flabby. What is known as “wisdom” is ultimately only a perpetual “thinking it over,” i.e., non-action as first impulse.

If attachment is an evil, we must look for its cause in the scandal of birth, for to be born is to be attached. Detachment then should apply itself to getting rid of the traces of this scandal, the most serious and intolerable of all.

Amid anxiety and distress, sudden calm at the thought of the foetus one has been.

At this precise moment, no reproach proceeding from men or gods can affect me: I have as good a conscience as if I had never existed.

It is a mistake to believe in a direct relation between suffering reverses and being dead set against birth. Such opposition has deeper, more distant roots, and would occur even if one had only the shadow of a grievance against existence. In fact it is never more virulent than in cases of extreme good fortune.

Thracians and Bogomils—I cannot forget that I have haunted the same whereabouts as they, nor that the former wept over the newborn and the latter, in order to justify God, held Satan responsible for the infamy of Creation.

During the long nights in the caves, how many Hamlets must have murmured their endless monologues—for it is likely that the apogee of metaphysical torment is to be located well before that universal insipidity which followed the advent of Philosophy.

The obsession with birth proceeds from an exacerbation of memory, from an omnipresence of the past, as well as from a craving for the impasse, for the first impasse. —No openness, hence no joy from the past but solely from the present, and from a future emancipated from time.For years, in fact for life, to have meditated only on your last moments, only to discover, when at last you approach them, that it was of no use, that the thought of death helps in everything save in dying!

It is our discomforts which provoke, which create consciousness; their task accomplished, they weaken and disappear one after the other. Consciousness however remains and survives them, without recalling what it owes to them, without even ever having known. Hence it continually proclaims its autonomy, its sovereignty, even when it loathes itself and would do away with itself.

According to the Rule of Saint Benedict, if a monk became proud of or merely satisfied with the task he was performing, he was to forsake it then and there.

One danger not dreaded by the man who has lived in the thirst for unsatisfaction, in an orgy of remorse and disgust.

If it is true that God dislikes taking sides, I should feel no awkwardness in His presence, so pleased would I be to imitate Him, to be like Him, in everything, “without opinion.”

To get up in the morning, wash and then wait for some unforeseen variety of dread or depression.

I would give the whole universe and all of Shakespeare for a grain of ataraxy.

Nietzsche’s great luck—to have ended as he did: in euphoria!

Endlessly to refer to a world where nothing yet stooped to occurrence, where you anticipated consciousness without desiring it, where, wallowing in the virtual, you rejoiced in the null plenitude of a self anterior to selfhood….

Not to have been born, merely musing on that—what happiness, what freedom, what space!

The Trouble With Being Born

Cioran 

Wednesday, October 23, 2024

I notice that a strange movement persists among people

 Sunday: I’ve arranged a meeting with friends in front of a good hotel in Paris. I am waiting, [it is] morning. The biggest, newest black BMW with an Italian license plate arrives. Inside—an elegant, greyish man. He leans over smiling: are you Italian? I answer with a negative nod of the head and see that I’ve really upset him. I feel sorry, but at the same time, glad: he’s taken me for an Italian! French? He continues to ask and gets worried that I’m not even French. He switches to English, and because he speaks that language worse than me, I have a nice, and nasty, sense of advantage. A tourist? I confirm it. He tells me a story: he is a fashion designer and today he has just finished his show in Paris. He shows folders. Nice. During the closing, his wallet was stolen with money, credit cards; fortunately he kept his passport separately; he also shows his Italian passport. He thought I was a compatriot, and now.… And again a worried, doggy, congenial face. I ask what it’s about. About money; he has to have some money to get back to Rome, to stay overnight somewhere on the way, to eat something. How much? A lot. More or less as much as what I have. He apologizes that he’s intruded, and I feel so good! I am in a way proud that he’s addressed me for help, that he’s chosen me. I take my wallet out. He gives me his business card, he will pay me the money back and we’ll drink wine in Rome, whenever I come there! And he takes out a huge, plastic bag. This is a present for you. Inside: a few leather jackets, these are his designs, whatever is left from the show. I don’t want the jackets, I don’t look at them, but he definitely has to give me a present. If I don’t take [it], he will be offended and he already wants to give me the money back. This is worth a lot more, more than a thousand dollars, he says; it’s only a present for you being so good! I feel even better. He pushes the bag on me, and leaves. For the whole day I don’t have time, but in the evening I open the bag. The jackets are made of hideous, tawdry artificial leather. Still trustingly, I check his business card: the street in which he lives does not even exist in Rome! I hang the jacket up on a hanger, the seam comes apart.

Tuesday: Bad news this morning. A few months ago, my friend’s mother was murdered.1 He found her in [her] apartment tied up with a very crafty knot; she was dead. My friend is a lawyer. He acted in the trial of the priest Popiełuszko’s murderers, milicja officers [trans: “milicja” is the name for the police of the People’s Republic; in post-communist Poland “milicja” became “policja”].2 He was these officers’ private prosecutor. That’s precisely the knot they used to tie the priest before they drowned him. Yesterday, he had his car broken into. A few days ago, his apartment. Dangerous. 

*

Thursday: Morning, 6 am at the airport in America in Los Angeles. A taxi-driver already warns me, seeing numerous people in front of the airport building: a bomb. Indeed, there have been phone calls, they’ve planted a bomb. The police are throwing everyone out: travellers and staff, even chefs from the airport restaurant. Probably two thousand people. Hot. There is nowhere to go, there is only a building surrounded by the police, and the highway on which they’ve stopped traffic. We crowd up in bedlam; it’s getting hotter. Everything that should be happening is: children are crying, somebody is singing, someone is fainting in the squeeze, and so on. But after an hour, I notice that a strange movement persists among people, or more like a displacement, squeezing through with bundles, step by step. At first it’s difficult to understand it, and then it becomes clear. After an hour of that movement the crowd has divided itself: Whites separate, Blacks separate, Chinese, Japanese, and other Asians separate, Mexicans separate. Everyone is standing in harmony, crowded together, but now segregated. Nobody could have planned that, but that’s how it’s happened. I wonder if I have also moved. Yes. I’ve moved two meters, because next to me a Mexican child’s been screaming. I have moved towards people speaking French; they are probably from Europe.

*

Thursday: Really, why did I think about censorship yesterday? It’s the two conversations I’ve had in the last few days with the most prominent Polish directors, those who also work domestically. Wajda heavily involved himself in politics for at least two years; he’s been a Senator for a year. I’ve never hidden that I consider it absurd wasting such talent as Wajda’s on politics. He says that he wants to do something for Poland, for the new Poland. I’ve told him that the only truly good thing that he can do is a good film, because he knows how. Recently, he’s announced that he won’t be running in the next election. I met him, he was sad. What will I be doing? he asked. Films, I answered. What about? He looked at me in such a way that I understood he really didn’t know. Two days ago, I met Zanussi. He’d finished shooting. When asked how it went, he shook his head in displeasure. I’ve shot something similar to what Wajda did a few days ago. Do you know what they want? Who? I asked. He pointed with his head there, outside. They, people.

Thursday: It has occurred to me that since I’ve mentioned censorship, it would be good to say how it used to work. I’ve had, just like my colleagues, a heap of adventures with censorship. Some of my films were not screened for years, others never. Frequently, I cut something out thinking that the change was not destroying the film; frequently, I refused. In 1976 I made the feature film The Calm for television. I liked that film, it had a few good scenes, and a thought—that a man couldn’t achieve peace even if it meant only home, wife, television—was near to me. The protagonist is a guy who comes out of prison. Once free, he works at a small building site. They bring prisoners there to help. Television objected to that scene. The [television] vice-president was a very intelligent and cunning man. He called me into his office. I knew why. When I approached the building, I noticed that prisoners were working on the railway tracks. They were dressed normally, in prison clothes, around them guards with rifles. I entered the vice-president’s office. He said he liked The Calm a lot and voiced a truly astute review of that film. Really, he understood everything. He truly liked the film. I was nicely tickled and waited for what was to follow; I knew I hadn’t been called in to listen to compliments. Of course. The vice-president with regret informed me that he had to demand the deletion of a few scenes from the film. He believed it would not hurt. On the contrary, the film would be more nimble. Among the scenes for deletion he included also the one with the building site with prisoners. I asked why there could be no scene in which prisoners work on a building site. Because in Poland, said the vice-president, prisoners don’t work outside prison. The convention forbids it.… He mentioned the name of an international convention. I asked him to come to the window. He did. I asked him what he saw. He said, tramway tracks. And on the tracks? Who is working there? He looked more closely. Prisoners, he said calmly, they’re here every day. So, prisoners in Poland work outside prison, I noted. Of course, he said, that’s why you have to delete that scene.

That’s more or less what those conversations looked like. That one was quite pleasant. I deleted the scene with prisoners and a few more, and the film still would not be shown for four years. When it was shown, it had already become a historical film. In Poland a lot changes fast.

Tuesday: Fourteen years have passed since the conversation with the vice-president. Yesterday I passed through a small town. I slowed down, because the road was being repaved. Like in a bad script, those who were repaving were dressed in prison clothes. Guards with rifles stood next to them. Today I can make a film about it. That’s it on censorship, which doesn’t exist anymore. And also on how much and how fast things change.

*

Krzysztof Kieślowski: Interviews

Sunday, October 20, 2024

Mary Wagner


Words can only do so much, and this is especially true in the pro-life movement. Many people are willing to say they are pro-life, they even will eagerly argue about it, but it takes true courage to be willing to sacrifice time in your life, and even your life itself for the pro-life movement and to protect the lives of babies.

In LifeSite News’ John Henry Westen Show, the inspiring pro-life advocate Mary Wagner, who has been arrested many times for entering abortion centers peacefully to try to convince mothers to keep their babies, is interviewed. She has spent a total of six years in prison because of her work trying to help women and their children.

This interview took place just days after Wagner’s lawyers filed an appeal of her lawsuit to the Supreme Court of Canada. The appeal states that Wagner did not receive equal protection and had been unfairly prosecuted. If this case is accepted into the Supreme Court of Canada, it will be monumental for the pro-life movement in Canada.

Wagner has proclaimed that she hopes that “the highest court would recognize the injustice of Section 223, which declares … that before birth there is a child there but it is not considered a human being, contrary to common sense (and) contrary to scientific evidence.” She also explains the alternative, that “if the court decides against our case, then it’s clear they exposed the hypocrisy and the grave injustice is exposed for many because I believe that this case will garner international attention.”

In the interview with Westen, Wagner discusses in-depth what caused her to take her pro-life convictions to another level: to not just speak and preach pro-life values, but actually enter into the depths and different dimensions of the real need for people who will actually go into abortion clinics and beg women to choose life. “How can we advocate for them… When we are prosecuting for trying to advocate for them when they are most in need.” She explains how she was inspired to offer roses to women that include messages and hoped that this would lead to a discussion. Wagner says that she considers the question “What is it that led them there, and what can we do to get them out?”

She explains how she was arrested on many occasions: “You’re concerned for the mother and child, which is preeminent, but you also have to be concerned with the police that are coming.” Wagner discusses how God calls each of us uniquely to help him in different ways, and in prayer, saying, “God lifted the veil for me and I saw what happens to the child [in abortion]… it was really a point of complete shift for me in my walk with God. It was then, Wagner said, that she realized that she needed to do this holy work.

The pro-life movement needs more people like Wagner, more courageous souls who will sacrifice all they hold dear, and even their life itself to protect these vulnerable women and children. It is wonderful to proclaim our pro-life beliefs, but the real courage comes in living them out.

Interview →

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Friday, October 18, 2024

Ossowiecki

 For all their power, however, Ossowiecki's psychic skills were erratic and, by his own admission, would have been "wasted" on little more than parlor shows if the Russian railway schedules had been different. In 1898, when he was twenty-one years old and in his fourth year at the St. Petersburg Institute, one of his final assignments was to study the making of paper. Oddly, the subject held a real interest for him, sufficient, in fact, for him to write another Pole living in Russia, Antoni Stulginski, the director of a paper factory, and ask if he might visit his plant in Dobruz. Because no train ran direct from St. Petersburg to Dobruz, Ossowiecki found himself in the railway station of the town of Homel with several hours at his disposal.

In answer to his query, "What is there to see in Homel?" the stationmaster had only two suggestions: a statue and a visit to "a locally famous person to whom the greatest dignitaries of Russia came for advice." Ossowiecki took this last as typical civic hyperbole, but was intrigued enough to ask further questions, thus learning that the man's name was Wrobel, and that he was "an old Jewish yoga who had spent all of his life in India studying secret knowledge" before he "returned to the city of his birth at a very advanced age to `die at home."'

Surprisingly, Ossowiecki had no real interest in meeting this man. Despite his youth, he had no burning questions about life he wanted answered, nor did he feel the need for guidance. He knew who he was, how he fitted into the social scheme, and what he wanted to do. It never occurred to him to ask about his unusual abilities. But "for lack of anything to do," he decided to go into Homel's suburbs in search of the house where the mystic lived. He took the matter more seriously when he got there and opened the door to the small wooden house. The stationmaster had not been exaggerating; there in the foyer were "two very famous personages" who had come for consultations.

Looking at Ossowiecki, they saw a rather handsome six-foot-tall blue-eyed young man with light-colored hair. From his clothes and manner it was obvious that he was a gentleman and so they spoke to him, learned he was just passing through, and "gallantly allowed me to go ahead of them. I shall never forget that moment."

"I enter. On the bed there rests an ancient man. Head of a patriarch. Subtly chiseled Semitic features. Spirituality manifesting itself through the eyes. Long, white beard."

Despite his psychic abilities, Ossowiecki in those days did not believe in clairvoyance, and though impressed by Wrobel's appearance, he admitted his whole posture "was that of skepticism." He was completely unprepared for what the old man did.

"Upon seeing me—even before I had a chance to introduce myself—he extended a skinny arm toward me ... looked me straight in the eye and said, simply, `Your name is Stefan.'

Then he proceeded to describe "my past and future in minute detail. You must realize this was before the war [World War I and the Russian Revolution of 1917], in a completely different political system. Then much of what he said seemed improbable ... it created a feeling of some dreadful nightmare. And yet, he saw all that happened later: the fall of then unquestioned powers, the oceans of blood, heroism, sacrifice of human lives, terror, fear and separation. He sketched for me the whole skeleton of political games, nationalistic battles, and victory. He talked about all this which I later encountered, took part in, and was shocked by. All that affected the fate of my life ... foreseeing even my inner reactions which I myself could not have then predicted ... Without any information forthcoming from myself he said then, `You see auras around people.' I asked naively, `What is an aura?'

By the time he had to leave to catch his train, "in an old man, demolished by an ascetic life," Ossowiecki had found his first and only real teacher.

To complete his degree in chemical engineering Ossowiecki had to put in a period of practical work. There was never any question of what he would do. He moved to Dobruz and began assisting Stulginski in his paper factory. But, as would be true all his life, his outward work was entirely secondary. His real motivation was spiritual and sometime in 1899 he apprenticed himself without reserve to the dying Jew.

"I would spend every free moment with him, not to mention all Sundays, ... which passed almost unnoticed in long ... discussions ... and exercises ... the concentration of thought and will .. . which bridged the way from the conscious to the superconscious state."

Under Wrobel's tutelage Ossowiecki learned the yoga skills of visualization and concentration on a single object. It was a torturous experience but exhilarating at the same time and gradually "I conquered time and space" and finally reached a stage when "myself as myself seemed not to exist. I understood, then, that I had crossed the border of average human consciousness. My visions were `super- conscious.

His teacher explained to him that the superconscious was very different from the subconscious, which "is a state in which our will does not participate. Our dreams, for instance, are a manifestation of the subconscious and sometimes they have an almost prophetic character.... Superconsciousness, however, is a higher level of organization. It requires the necessary presence of a new element—the element of spirit, of trained will. For superconsciousness the barriers of time and space do not exist...."

From Wrobel Ossowiecki also learned the arts of psychometry, the use of objects to focus the superconscious mind so that the object becomes a kind of psychic bannister allowing the sensitive to move along a single thread in time's skein.

For two months, and possibly longer, the man he called "my Master" worked with Ossowiecki. Although the actual time was short, it had an almost unworldly intensity. More than that—it was effective: A wild powerful native talent was transformed into a coherent highly disciplined skill whose limits were never fully explored. It had been for Ossowiecki the major spiritual experience of his life, and what he became under Wrobel's guidance was to make his experiments in psychic archaeology, four decades later, unequaled in the history of this method of searching man's past.

Surprisingly, however, Ossowiecki did not become outwardly esoteric or mystical and for many years only practiced his skills intermittently. He moved back to Moscow, probably shortly after the beginning of the new century, and took his place as a regular member of the city's society. Before he was thirty he had established the external pattern he would follow all his life. He loved good food (indeed, soon became stout as a result), good wine, lovely women, creative artists in any field, but particularly writers, and parties where there was lively conversation. He knew everyone. Though the capital was in St. Petersburg and he was mostly in Moscow, he became close to the Czar, the Imperial family, men like Tolstoy, as well as unknown artists, dukes, even workmen in the chemical industry.

And, if prevailed upon, he would exhibit his psychic abilities, particularly his telekinetic strength, moving all manner of things—including a grandfather clock. The feats were so unprecedented that "while I moved these objects, there were many cases of common hysteria ... even among men." Such reactions are not hard to understand when one pictures the scene: a relaxed gathering of Moscow society, replete with food, a little tight on vodka and wine, standing around Ossowiecki, the men in white tie or dress uniform, the women in sumptuous gowns and jewels, all of them watching an event that contradicted everything they had ever learned of nature and reality.

For all the public acclaim these performances brought him, Ossowiecki himself in later years had little interest in such feats. He talked little of these early paranormal demonstrations, and much else of this period is also blank. One can only speculate, for instance, that since he was close to the imperial family he must at least have met the most famous psychic ever to come out of the Russian Empire, Grigori Efimovich, known to the world as Rasputin. But Ossowiecki is silent. All that is certain is that his father died in 1915 and that Stefan, at the age of thirty-eight, became the owner and principal director of what had developed into a very large chemical works. He was now a genuinely rich man, but strangely his entire Russian period appears like an interlude—a pleasant space between his time with Wrobel and what was to come. The revolution that ended the Romanov dynasty freed Ossowiecki of the encumbrance of wealth. Nothing was left to tie him to Russia. Although outwardly everything had gone to pieces and worse was yet to come, to Ossowiecki, whose real life was entirely within, this was the second great awakening.

"A tremendous breakthrough in my psyche, a breakthrough which increased my spiritual awareness and consequently my powers.... I was arrested in Moscow toward the end of the year 1918 [the reasons probably being his wealth, ownership of an industry, and friendship with the Czar and his court]. This brought with it a long term in prison with the prospect of execution by firing squad."

Wrobel had told him this would happen, but not the final outcome, perhaps because such things are not predestined but affected by the consciousness and will of the participants. Thus the experience and the possibility of death were both frighteningly real to Ossowiecki:

"The forced isolation brought the opportunity to think through many things; to ponder the broadness of spiritual horizons; to deepen one's spiritual personality in order to gain solace on the threshold of death.

"Death passed me by but what did remain was the faith, the understanding of higher, immortal life for which, unconsciously perhaps, all yearn. Even those without faith. It was then that I began to fully value this gift given me by the creator and I understood that by utilization of it I could help others."

Sometime in 1919, at the age of forty-two, almost penniless after confiscation of all his Russian holdings, having nothing but his profession, his mother, and his sister Victoria, his surviving friends, and most important, his psychic gifts, Stefan Ossowiecki left Moscow to return to a Poland he knew only as a visitor, whose language he spoke ungrammatically and with a heavy Russian accent. Poland, which itself had been barely restored to nationhood, for the first time since 1795. Left behind in Russia, along with all his possessions, were his telekinetic powers; he had transformed them while in prison to the almost unequaled powers of clairvoyance that were soon to make him the first scientifically studied traveler in time.

By 1920, thanks to his personality, friends, and training, Ossowiecki had found his place in Warsaw, and although he would never again be wealthy, he had enough to live comfortably. For the rest of his life money was of secondary interest. And even when he had it, he seemed little interested in keeping it. Always an easy touch, if he had funds, he would invest in a company to help a friend or just lend the money outright. Usually the company failed or the loan went unrepaid.

What he specifically would not do was charge for his psychic skills, which were now so much in evidence. Wrobel had warned him of this years before. At the time the words had been largely meaningless; there was no temptation, for his family was rich. To make money from psychic talents would have been unnecessary and, worse, unseemly. During his stay in prison when he was faced with poverty, however, this appears to have been one of the issues Ossowiecki considered. When all had been lost, the temptation was suddenly there, particularly since he now had developed such extraordinary clairvoyant abilities. But after his release, even in his first weeks in Warsaw, he did not succumb. He would say later, "I am of the opinion that the domain of the spirit cannot be mixed with monetary considerations because the pure, abstract value would be lessened.... I have a vocation which gives me work and assures my existence. I strictly separate these two areas of myself and professional engineer Ossowiecki, the man of business, has nothing in common with Ossowiecki, the spiritual seer."

Just how strongly he felt about this issue is revealed in a story told by Marian Swida, the man who became his stepson. "In 1938, when things were becoming unsettled and finances were not so good, Eugene Rothschild of the Vienna line, the family of bankers, financiers, came to him  ... secretly, very privately, in a private airplane ... a rare thing in those days. He asked Ossowiecki to make an experiment, to see if he could locate some family papers. I do not know all the details ... only that Ossowiecki said that there were millions and millions involved. Rothschild asked only, `Was it stolen?' Ossowiecki said `yes.' He next asked, `By whom?' Ossowiecki replied, `By a daughter of your butler and they are in London.' He then said where they were in London, where the papers were. They checked ... everything was found, just as Ossowiecki had said! A check arrived, signed by this Rothschild, to my stepfather, to write himself any amount. The money would have been helpful at that time. But he would not do such a thing as this. He returned the check saying money was not the purpose for which he performed such experiences."

But if Ossowiecki was uninterested in using his gift to make money, he was most interested in using it to help others. He scheduled his business life so that he had time between engineering consulting assignments to meet with those whose problems might be eased by his insight. Always using an object as a psychic focal point, he would answer queries and offer guidance. Although he would not take money, there was one thing he would accept, often just to get grateful people to give up on the matter of payment. He liked a souvenir, a memento of the experience, particularly the guide object he had used.

These personal consultations though were not enough. Also as a result of his prison experience Ossowiecki felt a need to be scientifically tested-not because he had any doubts about his ability to show off for scientists, but because he hoped that in testing him these researchers would alter their view of the world. Consequently, in Warsaw and in Paris, to which he traveled every year throughout the 1920s, and in Germany, which he also visited frequently, he let it be known that he would entertain any request seriously presented to him by a responsible scientist. This sentiment went out through what had become a truly astonishing network of friends, a list of virtually all the leading minds in the arts, sciences, and aristocracy. (Only politicians were not well represented; Ossowiecki was never politically oriented, perhaps because Wrobel had described in detail how ephemeral European political fortunes would be during the psychic's lifetime—and how irrelevant in any case.) The response was immediate. As early as 1920 he met Professor Gustave Geley, one of the great French pioneer parapsychologists. This meeting was soon followed by others such as (a partial list): Nobel Prize-winning physiologist Professor Dr. Charles R. Richet, also of France; Theodore Besterman, Lord Charles Hope, Miss A. Reutiner, E. J. Dingwall, all of Great Britain; Baron Dr. von Schrenck-Notzing and Dr. M. Gravier of Poland.

There were many experiments; indeed, the studies conducted with Ossowiecki, if collected between covers without commentary, would make a substantial volume. Basically, however, they fell into the two major categories of research being done in Europe at that time: astral projection, the movement of one's consciousness to a point different from the body's point of view; and reading messages secreted in sealed envelopes, metal tubes, and boxes. What all this determined was that Ossowiecki was not in any way a medium (a spiritualist), nor was he ever fraudulent. Most important of all, it was found that Ossowiecki, unlike most other psychics, had absolute control over his talents and could turn them on and off at will, as well as provide a uniformly high standard of performance. This was (and is) so rarely encountered that the researchers studying him had no explanation as to why he could do this and other psychics could not. Ossowiecki, however, gave them an answer.

He made it clear to anyone who would listen that he was not so much a psychic as a man deeply committed to a spiritual pilgrimage in his inner life.' Because of this, he happened to be psychic. He explained that there was a difference between being a man seeking enlightenment, for whom the psychic is a kind of byproduct, and being a person seeking psychic ability as an end in itself. He himself was obsessed not with the psychic but with the true nature of consciousness, the human will, and the relationship these had to man's destiny. Unfortunately, such words apparently had little impact on those who heard them, and it would have been a violation of his principles for Ossowiecki ever to push his philosophy on anyone else. It would also have been out of character.

Ossowiecki had built the public persona of a slightly eccentric gentleman who enjoyed the best that was offered in a Warsaw rapidly becoming one of Europe's most sophisticated cities—"the Paris of Eastern Europe." He wore his father's large gold pocket watch, but never remembered to wind it. And he could (and more than once did) invite a prince for dinner, forget he had done so, show up uninvited at a friend's, under the mistaken assumption that they expected him, be happily invited in anyway, only to receive a call from a second friend asking where he was, go there, and just be sitting down to table when his maid called saying the prince had gotten tired of waiting and had gone off before the master could be located.

And when he did do an experiment, more often than not it was after dinner dishes had been cleared. He did not like people to stare, or treat him with awe, and if they did so, he would stop and tell them to talk or play the piano. Nor, except with very few people, could he be dragged into a discussion about spiritual philosophy—a popular topic among the upper classes of the day. But if he appeared a "hail fellow," he still always made sure to provide serious researchers with what they needed: results. And these were such that in the book Our Sixth Sense, which the Nobel laureate Professor Richet would write about his years as a parapsychologist, after describing many other psychics, he would say, "It would seem . .. that there would be nothing more to add, or rather it would be impossible to find better.

"Well! There is better.

"If any doubt concerning the sixth sense remains ... this doubt will be dissipated by the sum total of the experiments made by Geley, by myself, and by others, with Stefan Ossowiecki ... the most positive of all psychics."

Surprisingly, however, although he was studied by every leading researcher in the field (indeed, no psychic has ever been studied so thoroughly and by so eminent a group of men and women as Ossowiecki), only a few brief and superficial experiments into the past were ever tried in this period from 1920 to 1935.

The reason for this lapse is both simple and revealing of how psychic researchers approach the psychic. Clairvoyance was then explained as some form of telepathy and telepathy was considered nothing more than an unknown form of radio waves. Strange, admittedly, but to science, the explanation least harmful to its world view. Similarly, psychometry was seen as only a variation of telepathy in which, for a short space of time, the thought waves of a person were impressed upon an object in some way, much as an iron

bar can be magnetized. The sensitive was just that; he read the object by being sensitive to its thought impregnations. Obviously, with this theoretical base, experiments involving actual movement in time, which would have been devastating to science's assumptions, were not often attempted. And the few experiments carried out in contacting the past seemed to support this theoretical position. If the length of time was greater than a few decades, the information always seemed to come from spiritualist sources.

Survivalism, which until the 1940s was the third great interest of psychic research, was not paranormal time travel. It involved an entirely different issue—whether the personality survived corporeal death. Thus it was not exceptional to find parapsychologists who believed on the one hand that it was impossible for a living man to travel backward in time beyond, say, a normal life expectancy (traveling forward involved living people and thus could be explained as telepathy) while, on the other hand, believing with equal conviction that there was personality survival after death. It was for them an apples and oranges proposition.

Ossowiecki, since he was primarily a seeker of nonintellectual supersensible knowledge as opposed to being a kind of paranormal technician, did not agree with this. He "knew" that while the theory of survivalism was valid, the accepted explanation for telepathy was not. Time and space were not the limitations science thought them to be. But he could not think of an experimental protocol that would make this point, one that could withstand the charge of the thought-wave explanation. In 1935, however, he found he didn't have to think up an experiment; it was presented to him already set up, and its results would set in motion the last and greatest research epoch of his life.

A wealthy Hungarian by the name of Dionizy Jonky had died in 1927, leaving among his effects a small package measuring 7 by 4.5 by 4 centimeters. It weighted 59.5 grams (just a little over 2 ounces) and was about as big as a man's fist. To add to the mystery, its contents had obviously been carefully sealed against observation. The package was wrapped in fabric, sewn tight, tied in cruciform fashion with string, and the seams and ends of the string were secured with sealing wax.

Only when Mr. Jonky's will was opened did the purpose of this odd little bundle come to light. The Hungarian had always been interested in the psychic, and he too questioned whether there might not be more to paranormal awareness than the wave theory. Consequently, he had prepared an experiment. To test the wave explanation, he stipulated that the package should remain sealed and that no psychic attempt to determine its contents should be carried out until eight years after his death. By then, any putative wave energy should have dissipated. And if the information source was a dead person, presumably the kind of psychic to discover its contents would be a medium. In any case, Jonky said in his will that no one had seen what he had put inside the package, and after eight years any psychic who wished to could try to divine what the box held, as long as his answers were carefully witnessed and recorded. Those charged with seeing that these terms were carried out followed them scrupulously; not until 1935 did the research begin.

Ossowiecki was approached last on the matter, after "the best of Europe's clairvoyants" had already tried. A committee of researchers came to him that January and he, of course, consistent with his policy, immediately accepted. He was told nothing of the package's background, not even Jonky's name. The question: Can you determine what is inside this? was his only information. Fifty people, mostly scientists, were present when he made his attempt, beginning the proceedings by looking at fourteen photographs arranged on a table and selecting the one of Mr. Jonky, "a man whom I had never met," he would say later.

Six individuals then stationed themselves next to Ossowiecki, and never moved beyond arm's distance of his side until he was through. Everything he said was "taken down and later signed by the whole committee."

"After ten minutes of concentration I stilled my consciousness and moved to the realm of the superconscious. I began to speak." The following are his exact words.

"Interesting and convoluted story. I see the owner of this object. He's long dead now. He was successful in life; he had his own house. It was a man of advanced years, with a white beard ... worried. A man of large spiritual seances, read, wrote, traveled a lot. This package found its way into the hands of another older gentleman who looks like Professor Gravier [Ossowiecki's friend]. "But you had it!" Ossowiecki said, addressing Professor Grav¬ier, who was one of the committee. "I see it in your place on top of a wardrobe with some boots.

"There are some pieces here ... several ... two ... three .. more. They are minerals of some sort. Stone .. . metal. Color is gray-brown, something like lime and iron ores ... volcanic minerals. All this was once in the hands of some young girl.

"There is something here that pulls me to other worlds ... to another planet.... It's a great world ... it has no similarities to ours. It hurtles with dizzying speed through endless space. Much fire .. . it collides with another body ... cosmic catastrophe. Tears away ... tears apart. Showers into small fragments. They fly ... they speed, they fall in many places on earth. These are fragments of a meteorite.

"This experiment was thought up especially for me. Perhaps it was at one time intended as two experiments because it draws me in two directions. The elderly gentleman had some sugar ready and nearby was a box of minerals. In one sugar ... in the other meteorites. At first, I clearly felt meteorites but also the presence of sugar. I can't say anything more."

Ossowiecki had been asked only for a prediction of what was in the package; he had given that, plus a re-creation of the events leading up to its preparation, and what had taken place up to the time he was first shown the target object. If he was right, the theory espoused by Richet and others was demolished. Without further delay the seals and wrappings were broken.

The report concludes by saying, "All this from beginning to end was verified. Indeed, the package contained meteorites and the paper in which it was wrapped was originally confectionery wrap and still had traces of powdered sugar and a Hungarian word meaning bonbons.

"Mr. Ossowiecki recreated then not only the nucleus of the package but also its surroundings.

"Because of the prolonged time since the death of Mr. Jonky until the experiment took place, the notion that clairvoyance is a sort of telepathy must be abandoned." Twenty psychics of various nationalities had tried to solve the riddle but only the Polish seer "was able to unlock this secret with 100 percent success."

The implications of this were not lost on those concerned with studying the past. Within months Ossowiecki was approached by a committee of historians and other scholars and asked to perform an experiment that was to take him the final step toward psychic archaeology. Their question: Could Ossowiecki determine what Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543), the most famous Pole in history,

looked like? Surprisingly, up until 1935 no one knew the lineaments of the remarkable Pole. There were a number of portraits identified as Copernicus, but they did not agree.

Ossowiecki asked that the available paintings and drawings be brought to him and he made a selection. The scholars would have been happy with just that but, using the portrait that he said was the correct one, and that he further indicated had been painted by Copernicus himself, he went on to re-create the life of this physician, administrator, and mathematician—the man whose work on astronomy, De Revolutionzbus, had caused one of the major scientific revolutions in history. It was all taken down and the scholars left to check Ossowiecki's words. Every detail that could be traced proved to be absolutely accurate, including the fact that the scientist had had a sister.

This validated psychic venture, back almost five hundred years in time, did more than solve a specific problem about Copernicus. It established that Ossowiecki truly was a psychic time traveler; thus his claim that time and space did not exist in the superconscious state had to be taken seriously. Here was a phenomenon very different from the Bond experiments, which the Poles may well have known about since Bond's books had been in print for some years and Bond had known the parapsychologists, particularly the English ones, who had studied Ossowiecki, Bond had gotten his information from a source apparently other than himself, much as a man who tunes into a radio station. Ossowiecki, on the other hand, actually seemed personally to go back in time, even as his physical body sat in a twentieth-century room.

He told his friends that while he did not go into a trance, when he moved into his superconscious mind, this became his primary level of awareness and the room, even his own body, faded to a kind of shadow state. When the shift occurred, it was as if he were looking at a movie running in reverse; that is, from most recent to more distant events of the past. When he chose, he could freeze this reverse action. As that happened, it was as if he were suddenly in an airplane, first seeing a sort of broad overview, and then going lower until he was approximately at a point of view where his eye would normally be if he were physically standing on the spot he had chosen in the past. At this stage the action would begin again, only now going forward as it should. From then on, it was as if Ossowiecki were some kind of science fiction spy-eye under long-distance control. He could go anywhere he wanted and see anything in the scene he desired; all the while a part of his mind knew that he was sitting in his study or someone's house in Warsaw.

At first the potential Ossowiecki offered was too awesome; no one quite knew what to make of this opportunity, the parapsychologists least of all. Finally, Witold Balcer, an old friend who was not a psychic researcher but an engineer like Ossowiecki, became interested in the idea. It was he, and not one of the many scholars around Ossowiecki, who was to make the first rudimentary usage—excepting the relatively modern and limited experiment on Copernicus—of the seer's skills in psychic archaeology. Balcer himself, though, did not really expect success. He had talked with Ossowiecki about the matter, and he knew from the psychic about the commentaries of Dr. Rudolf Steiner, the Austrian philosopher, scientist, and founder of the General Anthroposophical Society in Switzerland. Steiner had spoken at length, but only in a general philosophic way, about past cultures based on knowledge that he said derived from supersensible awareness. Because of these conversations Balcer was willing to accept the idea that some sort of generalized record along the lines of racial memory might exist. But that was quite another thing from psychic time travel, in which the sensitive actually viewed an event that had taken place thousands of years in the past in the same detail as if he were physically present. Balcer believed—but he still wasn't sure. Nor, for this reason, was he entirely clear about how to conduct the experiment.

He finally settled on a kind of hybrid protocol. He decided to have a friend prepare another of those sealed boxes that litter the psychic research landscape of the period. Balcer was to be aware in an overall way of the content, but was not to have seen it, nor have any specific details on the matter. In this way, even if Ossowiecki could not provide a reconstruction, if he could successfully name the artifact and describe it, the event would still qualify as a responsible double- blind experiment.

On the appointed night, Thursday, February, 14, 1935, Ossowiecki and a small group of friends journeyed out to the Saska Kepa suburb of Warsaw on the east bank of the Vistula River for a dinner at No. 21 Obroncow Street. Ossowiecki had not felt well that day and wasn't sure he could do the experiment, but finally, at 11 P.M., as dinner was being finished, he said he would give it a try. He took the paper-wrapped box in his right hand, cautioned his friends to continue their conversation, and while they went through the motions of casual chatter, for about fifteen minutes Ossowiecki appeared lost in thought. Suddenly he began to speak. What transpired was carefully recorded by Balcer:

"I see a metal foil box. Its surface is reflective. The inside is brownish, wrapped in paper and cotton. Something like wood or stone. Something petrified. This is something very old and it originated several thousand years ago. Before the birth of Christ. This was unearthed by some scientific expedition. I see people in white pith helmets directing this excavation. Around sand and rocks. This is in some hot country. This object was a portion of some bigger object and served or was connected with some cult or religious procedure ... wedding ... or funeral. Yes, this was connected with a funeral. But what is it in fact? It's some figure ... or idol. I don't understand. I see some fires, like torches, some strange people who bow in front of this or are praying. What is it? This object has some fibers, knots, in places as though it were covered with strips of fabric.”

Ossowiecki seemed to retreat into himself, then said distinctly, "I can see now what this is ... it is a petrified human foot!"

When he had regained his normal consciousness he found a roomful of people visibly straining to unwrap the box. Balcer took it from the psychic's hands and unpacked it. "Revealed to our eyes," said Balcer "was a shiny metal box and inside it, carefully wrapped in cotton and white tissue, a mummy foot. Rather small, most likely female, brownish in color. In some places tendons were visible and toe bones as well as traces of the fabric bandage in which it had once been wrapped." Suddenly the room erupted in conversation. Balcer explained that he had known only that it was part of a mummy that a friend of a friend had recovered in Egypt around 1927 almost eight years earlier.

Ossowiecki had been accurate again on every point, but was so curious that he wished "once more to lift at least the corner of the mysterious veil which covered a happening thousands of years old." Another experiment with the mummy's foot was arranged for a little over a month later, March 18, 1935. Again, Balcer kept his careful record:

"Mr. Ossowiecki felt very good that evening. He took the box (unwrapped, of course) with the mummified foot and after just a few minutes crossed the border of normal seeing but did not seem removed from us. His face assumed the look of highest concentration and appeared inspired, as though illuminated by some inner light. I had never seen him look quite like this. I was under the impression that his face really emanated light of some kind.

"After a while he began to talk... .

"`I'm now entering this far, unknown world. Ah! This is so long ago. Thousands of years divide us. I see clearly this woman, her whole life. She is olive-skinned, young, pretty. She has a slightly hooked nose, a pleasant facial expression. She's dressed in a white ... translucent ... long garment. On her ankles and wrists she wears gold bracelets. Around the neck decorations of gold and silver. Hair ... plaited ... into small black braids under a high tiara culminating in a square shape. She is a daughter of a high dignitary ... as though a prince ... but not pharaoh. She lives in a huge stone palace. The courtyard of this palace is landscaped with trees and bushes. In the center there is a stone pool with a fountain. The princess has a husband. I can see him too. He is slender ... wears black sandals made as though from wood. His garments are white fabric.

He has no tiara on his head ... and braids fall down on both sides of his face. Precisely ... they are not ... braids, but a great many smaller braids. On his forehead a head band either soft or rigid … golden.

'She dies during childbirth ... in great suffering. The child died also. I see now ... they are taking her body out on a stretcher. The stretcher is gilded. They are carrying her to some house by the river. That's where embalming takes place. Ah! This is interesting. They are taking out the intestines ... taking the brain out, using some long implements ... through the nose. They rub the body with oils and continuously sprinkle it with some powder. Now I see the funeral. Many people. Some people dressed in gray-black garb are walking in rows of six. They jump every so often. The husband and father are not present at the funeral ... they do not walk behind the coffin. They remain at home ... they are kneeling on the floor with heads down, covered with a shroud.

"`I see an opening in a rock and a corridor that leads deep inside. Further there are steps leading down. At the end of the corridor there is a fair-sized chamber hewn out of the rock. That's where they place the coffin with the corpse. Nearby they arrange various objects of daily use ... and food ... on terra cotta plates. Rice, wine, berries, resins ... something else. All these things were brought in leather sacks.

"`I see a black urn. Something is being burned there. That's the entrails of the embalmed person. They are being burned here on the spot ... next to her. All the group around the urn pray. Husband and father are not here. They stayed at the house. All in the tomb now pray and cry. I see some women who are hired mourners. They weep. They wear long veils and black garments. Now everyone files out, their arms crossed on their chests. I see the entrance of the chamber walled over and again another wall erected at the turn of the corridor ... and yet a third one at the end ... near the exit. The exit is blocked with huge rocks and filled with soil.

"`All this is happening quite far from the big pyramid and the Sphinx ... near some mountain on which I observe carved bas-

reliefs....'

"With those words we interrupted the experiment," concluded Balcer. He had noticed that the "glow" he had seen on Ossowiecki's face at the beginning of the session had faded and the man seemed slumped in exhaustion as if caught and mesmerized by what he was seeing. It took more than fifteen minutes for the psychic to become fully and normally conscious, and then only after drinking a glass of wine. Even after he was again alert no one said very much for a while. It was obvious to everyone present, and particularly to Ossowiecki and Balcer, that they had touched something far beyond their ability to explore. To each observer, the experience, even though shared secondhand, was so immediate and profound that frivolous conversation was no more appropriate than it would have been in a cathedral—or a forest.

Ossowiecki, although interested in doing experiments about the past, knew virtually nothing about ancient history, let alone the epochs of prehistory; Balcer's position was much the same. It was decided that they needed to consult with a specialist, but neither man knew an archaeologist or ethnologist who was also interested in the psychic. The problem was shelved for the moment, however, since in prewar Warsaw those who could do so left for the country or to travel when the warm weather began. Social life ended sometime in March or early April, not to resume again until September. It was agreed between Ossowiecki and Balcer that they would try to find a prehistorian in the hope of making further experiments during the coming fall season.

As if in preparation for this, sometime during the spring or summer of 1935 Ossowiecki ended what had been his major business connection for almost fifteen years. As a result he was no longer compelled to travel large portions of the year as he had done since the 1920s. But this was only one of several seemingly unrelated events that, taken together, marked the end of an epoch in the psychic's life. Before the year was over his great friend Professor Richet would be dead in Paris at the age of eighty-five. The other parapsychologists who had been studying Ossowiecki since 1920 turned to other work, retired, or also died. Their research, which had involved classic tests to see whether his psychic talents were genuine, had established that they were, and so was finished. It was the end of another fifteen-year cycle and, with one or two minor exceptions, Ossowiecki would never again perform an experiment that did not have a practical purpose.

Secret Vaults of Time

S. A. Schwartz

Thursday, October 17, 2024

The Bartleby Case

 

Melville’s “Bartleby,” which has often been the object of metaphysical and theological interpretations,1 also admits a pathological reading. This “Story of Wall-Street”2 describes an inhumane working world whose inhabitants have all degraded to the state of animal laborans. The sinister atmosphere of the office, choked by skyscrapers on every side, is hostile to life and portrayed in detail. Less than three meters from the window there surges a “lofty brick wall, black by age and everlasting shade” (5). The workspace, which seems like “a huge square cistern,” proves “deficient in what landscape painters call ‘life’” (5). Melancholy and gloominess are often mentioned, and they set the basic mood for the narrative. The attorney’s assistants all suffer from neurotic disorders. “Turkey,” for example, runs around in “a strange, inflamed, flurried, flighty recklessness of activity” (6). Psychosomatic digestive troubles plague the overly ambitious assistant “Nippers,” who grinds his teeth perpetually and hisses curses through them. In their neurotic hyperactivity, these figures represent the opposite pole of Bartleby, who falls into silent immobility. Bartleby develops the symptoms characteristic of neurasthenia. In this light, his signature phrase, “I would prefer not to,” expresses neither the negative potency of not-to nor the instinct for delay and deferral that is  essential for “spirituality.” Rather, it stands for a lack of drive and for apathy, which seal Bartleby’s doom.

The society that Melville describes is still a disciplinary society. Walls and partitions, the elements of disciplinary architecture, traverse the entire narrative. After all, “Bartleby” tells “A Story of Wall-Street.” “Wall” is one of the most frequently used words. Reference often occurs to the “dead wall”: “The next day I noticed that Bartleby did nothing but stand at his window in his dead wall revery” (28). Bartleby works behind a screen and stares empty-headedly at the “dead brick wall.” The wall is always associated with death.3 Last but not least, disciplinary society is signified by the recurrent motif of the thick-walled prison called the “Tombs.” There, all life is extinguished. Bartleby ultimately lands in the Tombs and dies in complete isolation and solitude. He still represents an obedience-subject. He does not develop symptoms of depression, which is a hallmark of late-modern achievement society. Feelings of inadequacy, inferiority, or fear of failure do not belong to Bartleby’s emotional household. Constant self-reproach and self-aggression are unknown to him. He does not face the imperative to be himself that characterizes late-modern achievement society. Bartleby does not fail in the project of being an “I.” Monotonous copying—the sole activity he has to perform—leaves no free space in which private initiative would prove necessary, or even possible. What makes Bartleby sick is not excessive positivity or possibility. He is not burdened by the late-modern imperative of letting his self flourish [das Ich selbst beginnen zu lassen]. The activity of copying, in particular, does not admit initiative. Bartleby, who still lives in a society of conventions and institutions, does not know the wearing-out of the ego that leads to depressive I-tiredness.

Agamben’s ontotheological interpretation of “Bartleby,” which pays no attention to pathological elements, already founders on the facts of the narrative. It also fails to take note of the change of mental structure [psychischer Strukturwandel] in the present day.  Problematically, Agamben elevates Bartleby to a metaphysical position of the highest potency:

This is the philosophical constellation to which Bartleby the scrivener belongs. As a scribe who has stopped writing, Bartleby is the extreme figure of the Nothing from which all creation derives; and at the same time, he constitutes the most implacable vindication of this Nothing as pure, absolute potentiality. The scrivener has become the writing tablet; he is now nothing other than his white sheet.4By this logic, Bartleby embodies the “mind”—a “being of pure potentiality”—as signified by the empty tablet (on which nothing yet stands).5

Bartleby exhibits neither self-reference nor reference to anything else. He exists without a world and is absent and apathic. If he counts as a “white sheet” at all, this is because he has been voided of any and all relation to the world or meaning. Bartleby’s “dim eyes” (45) already speak against the purity of divine potentiality he is supposed to embody. It is just as unconvincing when Agamben claims that Bartleby’s stubborn refusal to write announces the potency of being able to do so—that his radical renunciation of willing [das Wollen] betokens potentia absoluta. As Agamben views things, Bartleby’s refusal is kerygmatic. He embodies “pure being without any predicate.” Agamben makes Bartleby into an angelic messenger, the Angel of Annunciation, who, for all that, “predicates nothing of nothing.”6 Thereby, he disregards the fact that Bartleby refuses every “errand.” He steadfastly refuses to send the mail: “‘Bartleby,’ said I, ‘Ginger Nut is away; just step round to the Post Office, won’t you?’ . . . ‘I would prefer not to’” (19). As is well known, the tale ends with the curious addendum that Bartleby formerly worked as an employee of the Dead Letter Office:

Dead letters! does it not sound like dead men? Conceive a man by nature and misfortune prone to a pallid hopelessness, can any business seem more fitted to heighten it than that of continually handling these dead letters and assorting them for the flames? (46)

 Racked by doubt, the attorney-narrator exclaims: “On errands of life, these letters speed to death.” Bartleby’s Dasein is a negative being-unto-death. This negativity contradicts Agamben’s ontotheological interpretation, which makes Bartleby the herald of a second Creation—of de-creation [Ent-Schöpfung] that undoes the border between what has been and what has not, between Being and Nothingness.

Melville allows for a tiny sprout of life to appear in the Tombs. However, given the utter hopelessness, the massive presence of death, this small, “imprisoned turf” (45) only underscores the negativity of the realm of the dead. The words of comfort the attorney addresses to the incarcerated Bartleby also offer no help: “Nothing reproachful attaches to you by being here. And see, it is not so sad a place as one might think. Look, there is the sky and here is the grass.” Unimpressed, Bartleby responds, “I know where I am” (43). Agamben interprets both the sky and the grass as messianic signs. The small patch of lawn—the only sign of life in the midst of the realm of the dead—only augments the hopeless emptiness. “On errands of life, these letters speed to death”; this is the central message of the tale. All efforts to live [Bemühungen ums Leben] lead to death.

Kafka’s “Hunger Artist” harbors fewer illusions. His death, which no one remarks, provides a great relief to onlookers—“even the most insensitive felt it refreshing.”7 His death makes room for a young panther, which embodies the joy of living free of desire:

The food he liked was brought him without hesitation by the attendants; he seemed not even to miss his freedom; his noble body, furnished almost to bursting with all that it needed, seemed to carry freedom around with it too; it seemed to lurk somewhere in his jaws; and the joy of living streamed with such ardent passion from his throat that for the onlookers it was not easy to stand the shock of it. But they braced themselves, crowded around the cage, and would not move on.8

In contrast, the hunger artist derives a feeling of freedom only from the negativity of refusal; this feeling is just as insubstantial [ scheinhaft] as the freedom that the panther guards “in his jaws.” Likewise, Bartleby is joined by “Mr. Cutlets,” who looks like a piece of meat. He extols the establishment and attempts to induce his companion to eat:

Hope you find it pleasant here, sir;—spacious grounds—cool apartments, sir—hope you’ll stay with us some time—try to make it agreeable. May Mrs. Cutlets and I have the pleasure of your company to dinner, sir, in Mrs. Cutlets’ private room? (44)

What the lawyer says in response to Mr. Cutlets after Bartleby’s death sounds almost ironic: “‘Eh!—He’s asleep, ain’t he?’ ‘With kings and counsellors,’ murmured I” (45). The narrative does not open onto messianic hope. When Bartleby dies, the “last column of some ruined temple” falls. He goes under like a “wreck in the mid Atlantic.” Bartleby’s phrase, “I would prefer not to,” defies any Christological-messianic interpretation. This “Story of Wall-Street” is not a tale of de-creation [Ent-Schöpfung], but rather a story of exhaustion [Erschöpfung]. The exclamation that ends the tale is both a lament and an indictment: “Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity!”

Byung-Chul Han

Collected Works

How Gaza Has Changed Everything

Text of a speech given by Warren Balogh to a live audience in September 2024

Let me start off with a disclaimer.  I’m going to be speaking today very highly of the Palestinian people and the Palestinian cause.  And I’m aware that I’m addressing a gathering of nationalists who are strongly opposed to mass Muslim migration into Europe.  We all saw what happened in the UK a few months ago, and we all saw how the Palestinian flag was being used by the Muslims there—mostly by Pakistanis—as a symbol rallying against the St George’s Cross carried by the native English people.

We’re all sick of Muslims in Europe.  And we all support the struggle of the English people, and all our European kinsmen, against the occupation of their cities and towns by invaders from the Muslim world.  But none of this has anything to do with the struggle of the Palestinians in Gaza.

The Gazans are not all Muslim, for one thing:  Israel treats Palestinian Christians just as harshly, and Israel has blown up churches—some of the oldest on Earth—just as indiscriminately as it has destroyed hundreds of mosques.  The Palestinians also are obviously not the same people as British Pakistanis, for example, or Turks living in Germany, or North Africans living in France.

The Palestinians are mostly Levantine Arabs, and far from wanting to invade Europe, they are people who have endured the worst atrocities for decades precisely because they don’t want to leave their ancient homeland.  They don’t want to go to Europe, or even to Egypt, because they love the native soil of their forefathers—and in fact their entire national consciousness is founded on this blood-and-soil connection.

Now before I talk about what happened on October 7th of last year, let’s talk about what didn’t happen.  In the first place, October 7th wasn’t a terrorist attack.  Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu is fond of comparing October 7th to 9/11.  In fact, he likes to say that Oct. 7th is the equivalent of twenty 9/11s. (I’ve never been sure whether he means the number of people killed relative to the total population, or that one Israeli life is worth 20 American lives).

But regardless, Oct. 7th was not a terrorist act—that is to say, an indiscriminate mass attack meant to kill as many civilians as possible.  Forty babies weren’t, in fact, beheaded by Hamas.  In fact, only two infants died on Oct. 7th, and it seems both of these were killed by Israel under its so-called Hannibal Directive.  There also were no mass rapes, in fact there were no rapes at all.  This lie has been debunked over and over again, so often that the New York Times actually had to issue a rare retraction, but it continues to be repeated.

October 7th was, strictly speaking, a raid—to use military terminology.  The target was a dozen or so Israeli military bases outside the fortified wall bordering Gaza.  The objective was to capture Israeli military personnel and take them, as prisoners, back to the territory controlled by Hamas, to be exchanged for the release of some of the thousands of Palestinians being held in Israeli prisons.  A large percentage of these Palestinian prisoners are held as  “administrative detainees,” which means indefinitely incarcerated without charge, but nobody ever calls them “hostages.”

The political background on this raid, why it was launched, has to do with the condition of the people living in Gaza, their status under international law, and a very specific chain of events leading up to October 7th.

The Gaza Strip is an area of about 140 square miles populated by about 2 ½ million Palestinians, mostly refugees who were ethnically cleansed from the territory carved out to form the State of Israel in 1948.  Gaza was under direct Israeli military occupation for decades after the 1967 Six-Day-War, and the Gaza Strip is still considered to be occupied by Israel under international law.  In 2005 Israel withdrew from Gaza, and in the last free election held in Gaza, the people there elected Hamas over the corrupt Palestinian Authority.

It’s important to note that Hamas, although designated a terrorist organization by the U.S. government, is no more a terrorist organization than the Nordic Resistance Movement in Sweden, a pro-White political party which runs candidates in elections and was also recently declared a terrorist organization by Antony Blinken’s State Department.  Hamas has been running the Gaza Strip as their elected government for almost 20 years:  not only governing but providing social services such as food banks, quality schools and clinics.  Hamas has a military wing, just like the United States government—and the only reason they aren’t a uniformed regular army like any other country is because the Palestinians are not allowed their own military under Israeli occupation.

When Hamas was elected, the Jews—as they are wont to do—decided they didn’t like the result of a democratic election and imposed a blockade on Gaza.  This blockade has strangled Gaza for nearly 20 years, with Israel completely controlling the free movement of people, food, clothing, medicine into and out of the territory.  This is the real reason for October 7th:  the Palestinians there have been subjected by Israel to two decades of crushing collective punishment—and after the Abraham Accords normalized relations between Israel and some of its Arab neighbors—the fate of the Palestinians in Gaza appeared to be sealed.  Their last peaceful spasm of protest was at the border during 2018-19, when thousands of Palestinian men, women and children non-violently demonstrated outside the wall surrounding Gaza in what was called the March of Return.

These protests went on for 18 months, but the world turned a blind eye as Israel not only completely ignored their pleas, but slowly and methodically subjected the protestors to terror and murder.  223 protestors were killed by Israel—including 46 children—and over 9,000 wounded in these peaceful, non-violent protests.  Israeli snipers even made a game out of shooting Palestinians in the knees, crippling them for life.  One Israeli sniper bragged that he broke the standing record for knee-shots in a single day, scoring 42 hits. …

On August 7th, after horrific new revelations of mass rape and torture at Israel’s Sde Teiman prison camp, Israeli lawmakers and TV anchors responded by publicly making arguments in favor of the systematic mass sexual abuse of prisoners.  And this week, Israeli Mossad took their diabolical ingenuity to a new level of grotesque horror, detonating thousands of personal electronic devices all over Lebanon, blowing off the fingers, faces and hands of thousands of people in civilian life.

Jews and Court Historians of World War 2 often describe the Holocaust as “the most documented genocide in history.”  These same individuals, such as Deborah Lipstadt—who was confirmed by the US Senate on March 30, 2022 as the “Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism,” with the rank of Ambassador—deny a genocide in Gaza is even taking place, even though social media such as Twitter and Telegram are awash with thousands of pictures and videos of little children blown to bits, their limbs missing, their skulls blown out, their mangled bodies dangling from their parents’ arms like rag dolls.


There is more evidence of the abominable snowman than the gas chambers at Auschwitz—Gaza is CERTAINLY the most documented genocide in all of human history—but the position of these Jews is that calling Gaza a genocide amounts to antisemitism, and that we need laws banning it.  No joke:  the U.S. government is working to adopt the IHRA so-called “Working Definition of Antisemitism,” which includes anti-Zionism, as part of American Civil Rights law, meaning that anyone who expresses or allows anti-Zionism to be expressed in schools or workplaces could be sued or criminally penalized by the Justice Department for violation of Title 6 of the Civil Rights Act.

Israel is a rogue state, flagrantly committing genocide and war crimes as a matter of course.  They’ve been able to get away with this because they enjoy the total, blanket protection of the United States and some European puppet regimes.  Carl Schmitt wrote that the Exception to the Rule is the ultimate test of political power and reveals in whom that power is vested—the Exception reveals who is truly sovereign in a given state.

But with even all the lies, obfuscations, denials, victim-blaming and intelligence ops, Israel and world Jewry have lost the battle of public opinion.  Even in the United States, for the first time ever, majorities of young people—including right-wing Whites—are rejecting U.S. support for Israel and, more importantly, are aware of the evil effects of Jewish power.

You see, this isn’t like the Iraq War, when the Jewish neocons were able to hide behind the Bush administration and drag America into a war against one of Israel’s regional enemies without most Americans knowing how or why.  In 2003, the great Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir, said:  “the Jews rule the world by proxy, they get others to fight and die for them.”  He was right on the money, but most Americans didn’t realize it at the time.  This time, the Jews are having to rely more and more on themselves.

They’re right in the spotlight, and the whole world is seeing them for what they are:  a people without honor, a race of gangsters and murderers, an international criminal syndicate who control the hated puppet regimes of the West through bribery, blackmail, threats and extortion.  AIPAC recently spent $100 million buying off American elections, a drop in the bucket compared with the total amount in spending and earned media by Jewish billionaires and their stooges in U.S. politics, but such naked buying-off of American politicians was noted by all.  Election interference?  Add that to the list of Israel’s Great Exceptions.

Facts about the attack on the U.S.S. Liberty are becoming widely known.  The connection between Jewish billionaire donors and top politicians in the Democrat and Republican parties, including both presidential nominees, are all out in the open.  It’s very likely that President Biden’s entire re-election campaign was a casualty of the Gaza war.  Young people saw the same President who campaigned on fighting racism and hate eagerly endorsing, shielding, protecting, defending and funding the worst war crimes ever captured on video.  Scranton Joe became Genocide Joe—this will be his legacy.

His cabinet is a veritable junta of anti-White Hebrews:  Alejandro Mayorkas with his Great Replacement policies; Merrick Garland, the former Janet Reno disciple who brought Cheka-style secret police tactics and ideology to the Justice Department and the FBI; Antony Blinken as America’s top diplomat, with his open allegiance—“as a Jew”—to Israel.  Yet his Jewish advisors and allies were the first ones to toss him in the gutter when he outlived his usefulness, and this self-styled champion of “democracy” was undemocratically replaced on the ticket in what was effectively a Jewish coup.

U.S. military priorities, which were supposedly focused on Putin first, and China second, have shifted strategically in a way that also exposes the Great Exception to the world.  Zelensky, formerly the darling of Washington’s ruling elite, was left high and dry with a munitions shortage against Russia as the U.S. redirected everything to Israel so Netanyahu could keep pounding high-rises and civilian infrastructure.  In the last few months, the U.S. redirected so much support to shield Israel from possible retaliation for its terrorist attacks on its neighbors, that the South China Sea was actually left without a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier group:  both the USS Theodore Roosevelt and USS Abraham Lincoln were moved to the Middle East.

Apparently protecting Taiwan is not as important as making sure Netanyahu can keep dismembering babies.  And speaking of Netanyahu, did any of you see his recent address to the Joint Session of Congress?  After seeing that, I realized “ZOG” isn’t an epithet—it’s a descriptive term.  The worst war criminal of the 21st century got such an overwhelmingly gushing response from the bought-and-paid-for representatives of the regime, it was almost cartoonish.  Nearly five minutes of rapturous applause as he entered.  Almost 50 standing ovations in the course of his speech.  I cannot overemphasize how this kind of spectacle has undermined U.S. soft power and moral credibility in the world.  The reverberations of this will be felt for decades to come. The whole system of Western democracy is being discredited by the extreme double standard of America’s Great Exception.

Jewish power in the West is being lit up like a Christmas tree.  The nepotistic, tribalistic networks of Jewish power are being seen clearly by everyone, and they can’t be unseen.  This growing realization is being piled onto the increasing malaise throughout the West, the ever-increasing gap between what “we the people” want—and what we get after every election. In the past few years more and more people have noticed that no matter who they vote for, their lives just keep getting worse.  But now, more and more people are also noticing that no matter who they vote for, Jews stay in power.

Young people are seeing that the same Jews pushing mass non-White migration in the West in the name of tolerance and diversity, invoke the genocidal precedent of “Amalek” to justify killing the women and children of all their enemies.  Repeatedly, Jews like Alan Derschowitz have cited the Allied war crimes in World War 2, such as the firebombing of Dresden and Hamburg or the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as examples for why Israel is morally right to bomb civilians in Gaza—but all this does is draw focus to the moral illegitimacy of the Allies—and with it, of the entire postwar order.  And as outrageous Jewish lies have been repeatedly debunked about atrocity stories on October 7th… more and more people are starting to wonder what other atrocities they’ve been lying about. …

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